In what year did the Peloponnesian war begin?
What year did the devastating plague hit the Athenian
city state?
Which prominent leader of Athens was a victim of the
plague?
Whose support in the latter stages of the war helped
bring the final Spartan victory?
Where, in the latter part of the war, was Athens'
naval headquarters based?
What occurred in Athens in 411
B.C.?
After what battle did the Athenian demos execute eight
generals and exile two, despite their victory?
Which Spartan General led the Peloponnesian forces to
the final defeat of Athens?
Where did Sparta inflict the final defeat on
Athens?
In what year did Athens finally succumb to Sparta and
sign a peace treaty?
- 431 B.C.. This early part of the war began with
the annual invasions of Attica by Sparta and the Athenian naval attacks on the
Peloponnesian coast. This continued till about 425 B.C. This was what the
Periclean-Athenian war policy was all about, to never meet Sparta on
land.
What year did the devastating plague hit the Athenian
city state?
- 430 B.C.. This plague, as Plutarch commented
'devoured the flower of their manhood and their strength'. Thus Athens lost one
third of its fighting population. This was a crippling blow to a country
mounting a war effort.
Which prominent leader of Athens was a victim of the
plague?
- Pericles. Definitely a reason for the Athenian
defeat was his death in 428 B.C., as it led the way to the abandonment of
Periclean policy and an Athens almost entirely at the mercy of the whims of the
demagogues.
Whose support in the latter stages of the war helped
bring the final Spartan victory?
- Persian. The Persian leaders that occupied much
of Asia Minor gave much need financial support and supplies to the Peloponnese.
This allowed Sparta to continue their war effort and eventually gain a final
victory.
Where, in the latter part of the war, was Athens'
naval headquarters based?
- Samos. This was a place that was away from the
demagogues and, more importantly, the radical oligarchs.
What occurred in Athens in 411
B.C.?
- An Oligarchic Revolution. This revolution sent
Athens into turmoil for a time until it was finally put down. This hindered the
Athenian war effort to some extent.
After what battle did the Athenian demos execute eight
generals and exile two, despite their victory?
- Arginusae. The reason for the generals' trial and
punishment was that they had failed to rescue survivors.
Which Spartan General led the Peloponnesian forces to
the final defeat of Athens?
- Lysander. He was a brilliant military leader and
diplomat who commanded the respect of his men while he also maintained the
wholehearted support of the Persian Prince, Cyrus, which helped the Spartans
win the war.
Where did Sparta inflict the final defeat on
Athens?
- Aegospotami. In an hour, the war was brought to
an end by a huge massacre of the Athenians. The tactics by the Peloponese had
been conniving, but very effective. The Athenians were attacked as they settled
down to dinner.
In what year did Athens finally succumb to Sparta and
sign a peace treaty?
- 404 B.C.. Despite having been beaten almost
entirely defeated, it took some besieging by Sparta to starve the Athenians
into submission. The treaty would deprive Athens of its greatness that its'
greed had gained and taken away.